The recent Afghanistan donors' conference in Paris granted the local United Nations mission broader responsibility for coordination and the Afghan government a greater role in reconstruction efforts. But the question remains whether the outcome of the conference will make a difference in the face of the daunting challenges posed by corruption, illegal drugs and rampant poverty. Carnegie Europe convened a day of discussions in Paris between Afghan leaders, top NATO representatives and other international experts, on the priorities for Afghanistan over the next five years and how the roles of NATO and the EU should evolve. The discussion covered important issues such as military operations, reconstruction plans, regional dynamics and the crippling narcotics threat.