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Without intellectual efforts it is impossible to find a viable solution to the dire post-August 2008 reality, which put both Georgia and Russia in an extremely difficult situation.

French President Sarkozy’s request for Chinese money in support of the euro rescue symbolized three historic shifts in great power relations: the fragility and endangerment of the European project, the ascendance of China, and the beginning of the end of the American era.

After a year that included the Arab Awakening, the euro crisis, Japan’s nuclear catastrophe, the killing of Osama bin Laden, and the unanticipated reaction to Russia’s recent parliamentary elections, there are many unanswered questions left for 2012.

Twenty years after the fall of the Soviet Union, democracies need to develop a new model that fosters civic duty and responsibility in their citizens and takes a more global perspective on leadership in the modern world.

Putin’s chances of hanging onto power in Russia are good, but he will need to accept a more open and competitive electoral process to avoid further alienating those who are sympathetic to the protest movement.

At the recent EU-Ukraine summit, Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych gained a tactical victory over the EU. By trying to convince him to change without holding him accountable to specific promises, the EU lost this round.

The death of North Korean dictator Kim Jung Il increases the likelihood that the stress on the multiple fault lines in Korean society will reach the point of breaking. Secret talks with China to plan for contingencies may be needed now more than ever.

The global economic outlook for 2012 and 2013 is exceptionally uncertain. With the euro crisis continuing to fester, a global credit crunch, and generalized slowdown threatening emerging markets, it remains unclear where growth will come from.

Vaclav Havel, the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first president of the Czech Republic, died on December 18, 2011. He lived according to his principles and never compromised on matters of conscience.

Turkey has a potentially valuable role to play in supporting democracy and state-building in the Arab world, but questions about that role abound.